In 1927, the royal title was changed to "King of Hejaz and Nejd and Dependencies" and coins were issued in denominations of 1⁄ 4, 1⁄ 2 and 1 qirsh in cupro-nickel and 1⁄ 4, 1⁄ 2 and 1 riyal in silver. They were followed, in 1926, by 1⁄ 4, 1⁄ 2 and 1 qirsh cupro-nickel pieces carrying the title "King of Hejaz and Sultan of Nejd". In 1925, transitional copper coins for 1⁄ 4 and 1⁄ 2 qirsh (in some parts of the country, it is pronounced girsh) were minted in Mecca by Ibn Saud. In practice, since 1986, the currency has been pegged to the US dollar at a rate of 3.745 (now 3.75) riyals per US dollar. The currency was anchored to the IMF's special drawing rights at an initial exchange rate of 4.28255 riyals per SDR and was allowed to fluctuate within a band from September 1975 to July 1981. Following the 1970s energy crisis, the riyal was revalued to 3.55001 riyals per US dollar in August 1973. Saudi Arabia did not follow the devaluation of the USD against gold, causing the exchange rate with respect to the USD to become 4.14475 riyals in December 1971 and 3.73027 riyals on February 1973. On 23 August 1971, the riyal was devalued by a sixth so that 4.50 SAR = 1 USD.
#SYMBOL OF MONEY CURRENCY FREE#
A royal decree on 23 January 1959 briefly abolished the free market currency exchange. Official exchange rate was 3.75 riyals per U.S. Slight devaluation as announced by the finance minister.Ī free market currency exchange was established. Implied exchange rate with the British sovereign coin was 40 riyals.įixed exchange rate ( 3 + 15 / 22 SAR = 1 USD)Įstablishment of SAMA makes the fixed exchange rate official. Government begins stabilisation of exchange rate in relation to the U.S.
Informal fixed exchange rate ( 3 + 15 / 22 SAR = 1 USD) The gold sovereign coin was made legal tender in Saudi Arabia with an initial value of 62 riyals. Historical exchange rates Historical exchange rate arrangements of Saudi Arabian currency since 1936 Some Saudi coins still bear denominations in qirsh, but it is no longer commonly used. In 1960, the system was changed to 20 qirsh to a riyal, which was followed in 1963 by the introduction of the halala, one hundredth of a riyal. The system remained even though the riyal was subsequently debased to a coin equivalent, in silver content, to the Indian rupee in 1935. Thus, because the first Saudi riyal had the same specifications as the Hejaz riyal and circulated alongside Ottoman coins, it came to be worth 22 Ottoman kuruş and was consequently subdivided into 22 ghirsh when coins denominated in qirsh were issued from 1925. However, although the Hejaz riyal was the same weight as the Ottoman 20 kuruş, it was minted in.
The Hejaz riyal was based on but not equivalent to the Ottoman 20 kuruş coin and was consequently divided into 20 qirsh. The riyal has been the currency of Saudi Arabia since the country came into being and was the currency of Hejaz before Saudi Arabia was created, one of the primary currencies in the Mediterranean region during the Ottoman era. See also: British currency in the Middle East
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